ABSTRACT
Objective To retrieve,appraise and summarize the available evidence on management and prevention of implantable venous access port occlusion in adult patients.Methods We searched the BMJ best practice,UpToDate,Cochrane Library,Joanna Briggs Institute Library,Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario,National Guideline Clearinghouse,PubMed,EMbase,CNKI and CBM to collect literatures including guidelines,evidence summary,best practice information sheet,recommended practice,systematic review and consensus.Results Five references including one guideline,one systematic review,two evidence summaries,and one expert consensus were included.A total of eight items of best evidence were summarized with regard to syringe size,flush volume,flush technique and frequency of administration,choose of needleless connectors,management of mechanical occlusion,drug/mineral precipitation,and thrombotic occlusion.Conclusion Healthcare workers should regulate the standard of venous access port flushing and locking and manage catheter occlusion in a timely manner,to avoid adverse incidents like interruptions in treatment,bacteremia,and venous thrombosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the ultrasonographical characteristics of placental abruption, especially the light placental abruption that was diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonic combining with enhancement Doppler E-flow imaging, providing diagnosis data for clinical treatment. Methods With color Doppler ultrasonic and enhancement Doppler E-flow imaging, an analysis was made on the ultrasonography and clinical result of 50 patients with heavy placental abruption and 23 patients with light placental abruption. Results The diagnosis and clinical treatment of 50 patients with heavy placental abruption who had been diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonic combining with enhancement Doppler E-flow imaging were in conformity with the postnatal pathological diagnosis. The coincidence rate in diagnosis was 100%. Of 23 patients with light placental abruption who had been diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonic combining with enhancement E-flow Doppler imaging, 19 cases' diagnosis and clinical treatment were in accordance with their postnatal pathological diagnosis and the coincidence rate was 83%, 4 cases were misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Of 73 patients with placental abruption, 60 cases were carried out caesarean birth and 13 cases performed natural labor. Conclusion The enhancement Doppler E-flow imaging combining with color Doppler ultrasonic can accurately diagnose the heavy placental abruption and also provide a new method for the diagnosis of light placental abruption and perform a dynamic monitoring for the treatment transfer result of it.